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L’amniocentèse

  • Par : Pharmapresse

  • Tags :

L'amniocentèse, également ou ponction de liquide amniotique (PLA),  est un prélèvement d’une petite quantité du liquide amniotique  par ponction à l'aide d'une aiguille à travers le ventre de la mère.

L’amniocentèse permet grâce à l'analyse de cellules fœtales présentent dans le liquide amniotique de détecter si fœtus est porteur  d'une maladie chromosomique ou d'une maladie infectieuse.

Indications :

  • Détecter une anomalie chromosomique chez le bébé et la future maman de plus de 38 ans
  • Femmes ayant eu un bébé souffrant d'une maladie d'origine chromosomique
  • Lorsque le dosage HT21 fait suspecter une trisomie 21.
  • Plusieurs fausses couches spontanées
  • Lorsque l'un des deux parents présente une maladie familiale grave
  • Lorsque le dosage de l'alpha-foetaprotéine fait suspecter une malformation de la moelle épinière (spina bifida)
  • Recherche d’anomalies chromosomiques telles que la trisomie 21, trisomie 13, trisomie 18, monosomie X,0 .
  • Recherche d’infections fœtales potentiellement graves
  • Recherche de certaines maladies génétiques héréditaires potentiellement graves ;
  • Anomalies neurologiques du développement fœtal telles que le spina-bifida.

Risques et complications de l’amniocentèse :

  • Rupture prématurée des membranes ;
  • Fausse couche avec perte fœtale
  • Mort fœtale in utero ;
  • Transmission de maladie virale au fœtus lorsque la mère en est porteuse (hépatite B, SIDA) ;
  • Infection du liquide amniotique et du fœtus (chorioamniotite) ;

Contre-indications :

·         Elles sont rares (mauvaise position du fœtus, anomalies sévères de la coagulation chez la mère...).