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Allergie à l’arachide

L’arachide, Arachis hypogaea, est une légumineuse riche en protéines (30%). On la retrouve un peu partout dans notre alimentation mais également dans de nombreux produits non alimentaires tels que les cosmétiques et les denrées pour animaux de compagnie.

L'allergie alimentaire à l'arachide est de plus en plus fréquente. Elle a doublé ces 10 dernières années.

L'allergie alimentaire à l'arachide correspond à la deuxième allergie alimentaire la plus fréquente de l'enfant après l'allergie à l'œuf.

On générale, l’allergie alimentaire  concerne 4% de la population générale et 6% des enfants.

L’augmentation des allergies alimentaires reconnaît plusieurs raisons, au premier rang desquelles il faut citer :

Des aliments de plus en plus variés.

De plus en plus de manipulations technologiques de l’industrie agro-alimentaire.

Aliments pouvant contenir de l'arachide :

1-Céréales

2-Chocolat,

3-Bonbons ;

4-Sauce,

5-Sauces salades ;

6-Gâteaux,

7-Biscuits,

8-Pâtisseries,

9-Yaourts ;

10-Certaines charcuteries

11-Certaines boites de conserve ;

12-Certains pains spéciaux.

Symptômes d’une allergie à l’arachide:

1-Rhinite,

2-Urticaire,

3-Asthme,

4-Vomissements,

5-Eczéma atopique

6-Douleurs abdominales,

7-Réactions violentes cutanées,

8-Chocs anaphylactiques.

Diagnostic :

1-Tests cutanés et une prise de sang

2-Dosage des anticorps responsables de l'allergie à l'arachide

Traitement:

Le traitement principal est l’alimentation avec l’absence totale d’arachide